13 Apr 2026 · Does suffering contribute to or destroy meaning?
Three traditions converge: Christian theodicy (suffering as redemptive), Buddhist dukkha (suffering as the ground of awakening), and Stoic endurance (suffering as the test of virtue). Frankl's logotherapy bridges the religious and secular: meaning can be found *in* suffering when it cannot be removed. The secular restatement — 'adversity deepens the capacity for meaning' — holds structurally but loses the theological warrant.